POLSAR图像杂波L分布建模及其参数估计

基于乘积模型的杂波统计建模是进行高分辨极化合成孔径雷达(POLSAR)图像非均匀区域杂波统计特性分析的有效方法,其核心在于纹理分量随机分布的类型选择.广义伽马分布(GΓD)是一种普适性很强的分布类型,Weibull分布、伽马分布、逆伽马分布等都是GΓD分布的特例,因此基于GΓD分布的图像乘性杂波建模既满足杂波建模的高精度要求,同时成为各种雷达杂波辨识的有效工具.本文首先推导了服从GΓD分布的随机变量的高阶矩特征及其对数累积量(MLC),利用纹理分量服从GΓD分布情形构建了乘积相干斑模型,得到了适用于POLSAR图像处理的L分布杂波多视处理的协方差矩阵的概率分布函数,同时推导了其高阶矩特征及其对数累积量,提出了基于对数累积量的L分布参数估计新方法.针对样本数较少的情况下对数累积量参数估计失效问题提出了基于混合矩(MME)的参数估计方法来解决.然后给出了不同分布的高阶矩和对数累积量,通过二三阶对数累积量关系图辨析了常用分布与L分布的内在关系,得到了L分布是目前乘积模型中适用范围较为广泛的统计分布的结论.最后用仿真数据验证了理论推导的正确性,并将基于对数累积量的参数估计方法与已有方法进行了比较,结果证明新参数估计方法具有更高的估计精度和运算效率;另外,还用实测数据进行了统计模型检验,其结果验证了理论推导的正确性.极化SAR中多视图像L分布杂波的统计建模及其参数估计方法为极化SAR目标检测和识别等领域的新技术研究提供了新手段.     

基于超像素与Span-Pauli分解的SAR影像分类

针对高分辨率极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像解译中面向像素方法难以充分利用影像信息的问题,提出一种基于超像素与Span-Pauli分解的非监督分类方法.利用分水岭方法易于过分割的特点,将分水岭分割得到的特征相似、空间相邻的像素集合视为超像素,并作为分类算法的基本处理单元.利用极化参数Span及Pauli基对极化SAR数据进行迭代分类,以实现适用于高分辨率SAR影像的非监督分类.采用X波段高分辨率SAR数据进行实验,结果表明:基于超像素的分类方法能有效抑制分类结果中的椒盐现象,将总体精度提高到了73.81%;在准确区分水体、道路的基础上,提高了复杂的农作物类别的分类精度.     

星载合成孔径雷达成像斜地校正算法研究

根据星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)斜地校正模型和校正原理,提出了基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的频域sinc插值算法.将SAR图像沿距离向做离散傅里叶变换,在不破坏原信号频谱的条件下,进行频谱中心补0,再做逆傅里叶变换,完成对图像的插值.用该方法对复图像和灰度图像进行斜地校正,证明两种不同图像的sinc插值方法在效果上是一致的,均可完成对能量图像的插值.用Radarsat的数据成像,对复图像、求模图像和量化灰度图像进行频域sinc插值,验证了算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于压缩感知的多角度合成孔径雷达成像

多角度合成孔径雷达（syntheticapertureradar，SAR）成像是实现多SAR信息融合的重要方式．对提高成像分辨率．重构目标轮廓进而提高雷达目标检测或分类性能具有基础性价值．由于各传感器发射信号和测量位置的多样性，实现多角度SAR成像具有挑战性．如何在噪声干扰情况下快速实现多角度SAR成像是一个新问题．本文建立了基于压缩感知的多角度SAR测量模型．通过对测量矩阵的分析，证明多角度SAR测量角度范围、发射信号载频和空间采样位置是影响成像性能的关键因素，研究了目标空间离散间隔对成像质量和分辨率的影响．以上述分析为基础，本文对多角度SAR发射信号载频和测量位置进行设计，构建满足约束等距性的测量矩阵．针对测量矩阵阶次较高的问题，文章提出用分段正交匹配追踪（stagewiseorthogonalmatchingpursuit，STOMP）进行模型求解，在测量矩阵欠定严重的情况下，该算法可以迅速求得模型最优稀疏解．在实验环节．通过分析多角度SAR参数对成像性能的影响，进一步验证了本文结论．实验验证了模型和相应求解算法的有效性和鲁棒性．     

Nonlinear RCMC method for spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic SAR

In the spaceborne/airborne forward-looking bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SA-FBSAR),due to the system platforms’ remarkable velocity difference and the forward-looking mode,the range cell migration (RCM) not only depends on the target’s twodimensional location,but also varies with the range location nonlinearly.And the nonlinearity is not just the slight deviation from the linear part,but exhibits evident nonlinear departure in the RCM trajectory.If the RCM is not properly corrected,nonlinear image distortions would occur.Based on the RCM model,a modified two-step RCM compensation (RCMC) method for SA-FBSAR is proposed.In this method,firstly the azimuth-dependent RCM is compensated by the scaling Fourier transform and the phase multiplication.And then the range-dependent RCM is removed through interpolation.The effectiveness of the proposed RCMC method is verified by the simulation results of both point scatterers and area targets.     

Pre-processing for time domain image formation in SS-BSAR system

A pre-processing procedure is designed for a space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) system when a time domain image formation algorithm is employed. Three crucial technical issues relating to the procedure are fully discussed. Firstly, unlike image formation algorithms operating in the frequency domain, a time domain algorithm requires the accurate global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time and position. This paper proposes acquisition of this information using a time-and-spatial transfer with precise ephemeris and interpolation. Secondly, synchronization errors and compensation methods in SS-BSAR are analyzed. Finally, taking the non-ideal factors in the echo and the compatibility of image formation algorithms into account, a matched filter based on the minimum delay is constructed. Experimental result using real data suggest the pre-processing is functioning properly.     

基于相似性度量的高分辨率SAR图像无监督分割

SAR图像中斑点噪声的存在给分割造成了严重的影响.为此,基于JSEG平台,针对高分辨率SAR图像的特点,提出了一种新的相似性度量,这也是该无监督分割算法的核心.该算法主要由预处理、纹理组合和区域生长三个步骤来完成.在纹理组合中,利用新的相似性度量标准,把预处理后的SAR数据通过计算映射成一组新的数据,这组新数据可初步表征图像的分割;最后利用简单的区域生长完成分割.实验结果表明,该方法充分利用了SAR图像的特征信息,能够准确实现对SAR图像的分割,并具有很好的稳健性.     

Yushu earthquake synergic analysis using multimodal SAR datasets

The large earthquake measuring 7.1 on the Richter scale that occurred in Yushu County, Qinghai Province, China, on April 14, 2010, caused a huge loss of life and major damage to people’s properties. Using three modal synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) datasets, wide-swath SAR, interferometric SAR and polarimetric SAR, the following studies were conducted: (1) From Radarsat-2 wide swath SAR data, the regional geological structures and lithologic distribution characteristics of the Yushu earthquake were analyzed. (2) Using advanced land observing satellite/phased array L-band interferometric SAR data, the coseismic deformation field of the Yushu earthquake was obtained, and the size and spatial distribution of deformation were studied combining with the result of regional geological background analysis. (3) From Radarsat-2 polarimetric SAR data, the H-α-ρ method was used to extract the spatial distribution of building collapse caused by the earthquake in the Yushu urban area, and the reasons for the severe earthquake damage to buildings are also discussed and assessed. The study results demonstrate the effectiveness and important potential of using multimodal SAR data for synergic analysis and assessment of earthquake disasters.     

基于SAR测量的改进型VIE降雨反演算法

提出一种新型降雨反演算法,该算法是对沃尔塔积分方程（Volterra integral equation,VIE）降雨反演算法的改进.首先,对雷达接收到的回波数据进行预处理,得到降雨起点和降雨宽度等信息;然后,仅利用沃尔塔积分反演算法处理少量特定区域,通过深度挖掘数据变化的规律来分析得出降雨分布的类型和降雨速率;最后,根据通常研究对象的分布对称性,结合已经获得的信息反演得到整个区域的降雨分布情况.通过仿真结果可知,该算法高效、计算速度快,并且具有较高的精度.     

极化SAR图像中的弱小舰船目标检测

结合最新的子空间数据分析方法--非负矩阵分解(nonnegative matrix factorization, NMF),对极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar, SAR)图像中的弱小舰船目标提出一种全新的有效检测方法。该方法利用极化协方差矩阵分解,得到包含极化图像能量的特征值组,组成满足NMF要求的非负矩阵;然后采用稀疏限制的NMF来提取其中的主要特征,以此将舰船目标检测出来。采用国内全极化和双极化实测海洋数据进行实验,验证了本文方法的有效性。